Six lenses. One story at a time.

How presentation shapes interpretation.

Framing choices, like passive voice or distancing verbs, can move the actor out of the sentence and leave the reader uncertain who did what to whom.

The roles people are cast into: hero, villain, victim, saviour.

Once cast, an archetype carries its own expectations. The 'ideal victim' must look a certain way to be believed; the 'hero cop' is treated as proof the system worked.

Shared assumptions presented as fact.

When a sentence treats a contested assumption as background fact, the reader inherits it without ever being asked to assess it.

What the framing leads a reader to anticipate.

If a paragraph closes on a denial, an 'isolated incident' line or 'lessons learned', the reader is steered toward closure before evidence has been tested.

Recurring narrative patterns that give events moral shape.

Themes like DARVO, 'bad apples' or 'witch hunt' repeat across cases. Spotting them helps the reader recognise a pattern rather than a one-off story.

Loaded imagery that carries meaning beyond surface fact.

Loaded words ('tragic', 'brutal', 'battling depression') colour an event before the facts arrive, and can convert preventable harm into fate or personal combat.